{"id":4046,"date":"2017-09-14T13:00:27","date_gmt":"2017-09-14T13:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/proximoferry.com\/blog\/?p=4046"},"modified":"2026-10-21T09:18:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T09:18:21","slug":"inmigrante-en-la-formentera-de-1950-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/proximoferry.com\/blog\/ca\/2017\/09\/14\/inmigrante-en-la-formentera-de-1950-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Immigrant a la Formentera de 1950"},"content":{"rendered":"

Els homes havien d\u2019emp\u00e8nyer el cami\u00f3 d\u2019en Palla per fer-lo pujar cap a la Mola.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les seves companyes no anaven a escola perqu\u00e8 havien de guardar les ovelles.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Text: Josep Rubio | Fotografia: Fam\u00edlia Colli Rotol\u00f3<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Des de finals de la d\u00e8cada dels seixanta, quan el turisme irromp\u00e9 convertint-se en la principal activitat econ\u00f2mica de Formentera, l’illa ha esdevingut terra d’acollida de milers de persones vingudes d’arreu. Molts s’hi han establert definitivament i han acabat formant fam\u00edlia i entenent l’illa com la seva veritable llar. Ara b\u00e9, abans del per\u00edode tur\u00edstic, Formentera era un territori d’escassos recursos que m\u00e9s aviat generava emigrants i que comptava amb una economia de subsist\u00e8ncia basada en els treballs del camp, la mar i les salines. En aquesta societat, on molt pocs comptaven amb una educaci\u00f3 ferma i on no hi havia costum d’acollir persones amb altres cultures i lleng\u00fces, \u00e9s on arrib\u00e0, l’any 1950 i procedent de la col\u00f2nia francesa d’Alger, una nena d’onze anys.<\/p>\n

Na Maria Rosa Colli Rotol\u00f3, filla de francesos, havia perdut el seu pare per una pulmonia amb nom\u00e9s dos anys i la seva mare, Marie, form\u00e0 una nova fam\u00edlia amb en Joan Torres, un formenterer que s’exili\u00e0 a l’Alger l’any 1937. El 1950, quan estigu\u00e9 segur que les autoritats franquistes no l’empresonarien, en Joan decid\u00ed tornar a la seva illa d’origen i ho feu amb la seva nova parella, Marie, la filla d’aquesta, Maria Rosa i un nou fill com\u00fa que havia nascut en terres africanes, Vicent.<\/p>\n

Avui, des de la seva casa propera a un dels molins de la Mola, envoltada de la seva descend\u00e8ncia i parlant amb un catal\u00e0 de Formentera impecable, \u00e9s dif\u00edcil imaginar-se que na Maria Rosa nom\u00e9s parl\u00e9s franc\u00e8s fins als 11 anys i que fins a aquesta edat era completament aliena a uns costums i un territori amb els que s’hi ha mimetitzat de ple.<\/p>\n

Encara recorda els plors al port d’Eivissa en el seu primer viatge a Formentera, quan comprov\u00e0 que l’\u00fanica manera d’arribar a la Piti\u00fcsa del sud era embarcar-se en una barqueta que no li inspirava cap seguretat i que, segons la seva descripci\u00f3, podria ser el Manolito o el Ciudad de Formentera, ambd\u00f3s vells vapors de fusta d’una quinzena de metres d’eslora. A bord, una desconeguda, que avui reconeix com na Margalida de can Campanitx, li ofer\u00ed un caramel per calmar la seva desesperaci\u00f3. Un simple gest, un gran \u00e0nim. El primer que reb\u00e9 i que juntament amb la seva voluntat de mirar endavant, l’ajudarien a buscar el seu lloc a l’illa.<\/p>\n

En arribar a La Savina, “un dels camions d’en Palla” (probablement La Parrala) trasllad\u00e0 a la fam\u00edlia fins a la Mola, on anaven a viure. De cam\u00ed, anava dient: “Mira quantes figueres juntes” al que en Joan respongu\u00e9 “fixa’t b\u00e9, en realitat \u00e9s un sol arbre que ha estat estalonat”. “Quan arribarem a la pujada, el vehicle s’atur\u00e0 i els homes baixaren a emp\u00e8nyer el cami\u00f3, una circumst\u00e0ncia que a mi i el meu germ\u00e0 ens divertia molt per\u00f2 que tenia horroritzada a ma mare”.<\/p>\n

Na Maria Rosa havia estat educada en una escola cristiana del poble pesquer de Bouharoun<\/em>, a una cinquantena de kil\u00f2metres de la ciutat d’Alger, en un ambient cosmopolita i modern, on hi havia tot el que faltava a Formentera: energia el\u00e8ctrica, aigua corrent, banys, cotxes, aparadors, dones vestides de colors, faldilles curtes… El xoc cultural amb la realitat de la Formentera de 1950 fou contundent. Per comen\u00e7ar, a l’escola de nenes de La Mola, na Maria Rosa no entenia per qu\u00e8 amb prou feines nom\u00e9s feien que cosir i resar a les ordres de les religioses i tampoc comprenia perqu\u00e8 algunes de les seves companyes deixaven d’anar a classe perqu\u00e8 “tenien feines com ara anar a guardar les ovelles”. Aviat es qued\u00e0 sense ganes d’anar a escola, i m\u00e9s encara amb unes companyes gens habituades a la diversitat cultural, que se’n reien de qu\u00e8 parl\u00e9s \u00fanicament franc\u00e8s o del seu vestuari, com ara els pantalons curts.<\/p>\n

“A la mare li encantava el futbol”, diu na Maria Rosa: “Sovint an\u00e0vem al pinar de l’entrada del Pilar on hi havia un camp i jo sempre em moria de vergonya perqu\u00e8 ella tenia el costum de no callar i animava tot cridant \u201callez allez!<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Un dia jo contemplava el joc sola i un cop de vent em regir\u00e0 un volant que portava en el vestit. Una jove, que avui \u00e9s la meva ve\u00efna, s’aprop\u00e0 a mi per arreglar-me el vestit. Per mi, que mai tenia companyia m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 dels familiars, aquell gest signific\u00e0 molt, vaig c\u00f3rrer plena d’alegria a dir a ma mare que ja havia fet una amiga, i a ella li saltaren les ll\u00e0grimes”. A poc a poc na Maria Rosa an\u00e0 trobant el seu lloc.<\/p>\n

Aix\u00f2 s\u00ed, de quan li arrib\u00e0 l’hora de casar-se, guarda a la mem\u00f2ria com deman\u00e0 al capell\u00e0 que no anunci\u00e9s el matrimoni com es solia fer, “durant tres diumenges anteriors a l’esdeveniment”, perqu\u00e8 “el que molts esperaven era escoltar el meu nom i llinatges per fer conjectures sobre si era o no filla bastarda”. A m\u00e9s, “no volia escollir entre mencionar el meu pare biol\u00f2gic o el que m\u2019havia educat”. De fet, na Maria Rosa anomena indistintament “pare” a un i a l\u2019altre.<\/p>\n

Si algun s\u00edmbol ha quedat de la seva anterior vida, \u00e9s la llengua. Ella sempre ha parlat en franc\u00e8s als seus quatre fills i els seus n\u00e9ts entenen b\u00e9 aquest idioma. Na Maria Rosa, que en arribar a Formentera adopt\u00e0 r\u00e0pidament la nacionalitat espanyola per evitar les visites trimestrals a la caserna de la Gu\u00e0rdia Civil, continua afirmant que \u00e9s francesa “encara que no ho paregui”. Avui, aquesta septuagen\u00e0ria amiga d’internet, observa des de Google Maps<\/em> la localitat de Bouharoun<\/em> i donant a entendre que prefereix conservar el record que mant\u00e9 del seu poble natal, diu que “no hi he tornat perqu\u00e8 all\u00f2 ha canviat massa i no a millor”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Els homes havien d\u2019emp\u00e8nyer el cami\u00f3 d\u2019en Palla per fer-lo pujar cap a la Mola. Les seves companyes no anaven a escola…<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4043,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_locale":"ca","_original_post":"4042","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-josep-rubio-formentera","category-historia","ca"],"yoast_head":"\nImmigrant a la Formentera de 1950 | Pr\u00f3ximo Ferry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Els homes havien d\u2019emp\u00e8nyer el cami\u00f3 d\u2019en Palla per fer-lo pujar cap a la Mola. 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